%0 Conference Paper %B Transactions on Computer Systems %D 2011 %T Mobile Processors for Energy-Efficient Web Search %A Reddi, Vijay Janapa %A Lee, Benjamin %A Chilimbi, Trishul %A Vaid, Kushagra %X

As cloud and utility computing spreads, computer architects must ensure continued capability growth for the data centers that comprise the cloud. Given megawatt scale power budgets, increasing data center capability requires increasing computing hardware energy efficiency. To increase the data center’s capability for work, the work done per Joule must increase. We pursue this efficiency even as the nature of data center applications evolves. Unlike traditional enterprise workloads, which are typically memory or I/O bound, big data computation and analytics exhibit greater compute intensity. This article examines the efficiency of mobile processors as a means for data center capability. In particular, we compare and contrast the performance and efficiency of the Microsoft Bing search engine executing on the mobile-class Atom processor and the server-class Xeon processor. Bing implements statistical machine learning to dynamically rank pages, producing sophisticated search results but also increasing computational intensity. While mobile processors are energy-efficient, they exact a price for that efficiency. The Atom is 5× more energy-efficient than the Xeon when comparing queries per Joule. However, search queries on Atom encounter higher latencies, different page results, and diminished robustness for complex queries. Despite these challenges, quality-of-service is maintained for most, common queries. Moreover, as different computational phases of the search engine encounter different bottlenecks, we describe implications for future architectural enhancements, application tuning, and system architectures. After optimizing the Atom server platform, a large share of power and cost go toward processor capability. With optimized Atoms, more servers can fit in a given data center power budget. For a data center with 15MW critical load, Atom-based servers increase capability by 3.2× for Bing.

%B Transactions on Computer Systems %7 4 %I ACM %V 29 %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B International Symposium on Computer Architecture %D 2010 %T Web Search Using Mobile Cores: Quantifying and Mitigating the Price of Efficiency %A Reddi, Vijay Janapa %A Lee, Benjamin %A Chilimbi, Trishul %A Vaid, Kushagra %X

The commoditization of hardware, data center economies of scale, and Internet-scale workload growth all demand greater power efficiency to sustain scalability. Traditional enterprise workloads, which are typically memory and I/O bound, have been well served by chip multiprocessors comprising of small, power-efficient cores. Recent advances in mobile computing have led to modern small cores capable of delivering even better power efficiency. While these cores can deliver performance-per-Watt efficiency for data center workloads, small cores impact application quality-of-service robustness, and flexibility, as these workloads increasingly invoke computationally intensive kernels. These challenges constitute the price of efficiency. We quantify efficiency for an industry-strength online web search engine in production at both the microarchitecture- and system-level, evaluating search on server and mobile-class architectures using Xeon and Atom processors.

Categories and Subject Descriptors

C.0 [Computer Systems Organization]: General—System architectures; C.4 [Computer Systems Organization]: Performance of Systems—Design studies, Reliability, availability, and serviceability

General Terms

Measurement, Experimentation, Performance

%B International Symposium on Computer Architecture %G eng %U https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1816038.1816002